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The word “plastic” literally means “to mold”, in
plastic surgery one tissue type/ organ is molded to create
another tissue type/organ or to provide cover to a nearby
or distant area.
Developed primarily for management of burn cases and
victims of war and trauma, it is now seeing its peak of
development and is becoming a part and parcel of every
ones life.
Plastic & Cosmetic surgery procedures can broadly be group under
these headings:-
Burn & post burn deformity :-
In acute burn , measures are used to allow early healing
of burn areas, and in healing phase, to reduce
discoloration & deformity.
In post burn, role of a plastic surgeon is there in deformity correction
(functional) as well as cosmetic restoration.
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Trauma surgery :-
Includes provision of cover to exposed important tissue,
micro-neurovascular surgery in re-plantation, besides
this, acute trauma involving hand and forearm are best
managed by a plastic & cosmetic surgeon.
Correction of post trauma deformity like restoration of
hand function with tendon transfers, joint replacements
(hand & forearm only).
Cranio-maxillofacial surgery : - involves
correction of congenital and acquired (post trauma or
cancer resection) deformities of skull and facial
skeleton, including orbit, upper and lower jaw and nose.
Fractures of facial or cranial bones and congenital and
acquired clefts of cranio-facial area ( eg. Cleft lip &
palate) are managed in same modality. (
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Cleft lip & Palate Surgery :- management
of cleft lip & palate starts right after birth. cleft lip
& palate are not individual problems but are constellation
of so many components some of which can be managed
non-surgically in early days after birth and these early
small maneuvers help a lot n reconstructive surgery later
on and have great impact on final cosmetic appearance of
baby.
Deformities with Cleft Lip &
Palate:- As such cleft lip deformities can be broadly
grouped under three headings - cleft lip; cleft
palate & cleft lip nose deformity.
Cleft in lip ( Discontinuity of Skin
,Muscle & Mucosa); short vertical and horizontal dimension
of lip tissue on cleft side, cleft of gingiva (gum) with
involvement of tooth buds; underdeveloped maxilla ( upper
jaw bone) on cleft side; cleft in floor of nose; deformity
of nostril and ala of nose, Deviation of nose, deviation
of nasal septum; drooping tip of nose; cleft in palate;
Discontinuity of muscles in soft palate which control
speech & swallowing.
Management protocol for cleft lip &
palate patients:- i ) soon after birth alveolar molding is
started to align alveolar arch ( upper jaw) and simple
traction devices to reduce cleft dimension. these can be
used by parents at home after consultation with a plastic
surgeon.
ii) Cleft lip surgery is done at age
of three years.
iii) cleft palate surgery is done
between age of 9 months to one year.
iv) Speech Assessment at age of 2.5
years and if needed speech therapy or revision
intravelar veloplasty ( soft palate surgery) to improve
speech which is usually hyper nasal in these patients.
v) Alveolar arch expansion:- with
orthodontic devices, at age of 6 years
vi) alveolar Bone Grafting :- 7-9
years, bone from pelvis ( waist bone) grafted to alveolar
arch ( upper jaw) so that bone will become continue , will
provide platform for eruption of tooth and support base of
nose.
vii) cleft Rhinoplasty:- for
correction of cleft lip nose deformity, done once child
has crossed age of facial bone maturity , i.e. after 12
years in females and 14-15 years in males. for details
visit "Rhinoplasty"
for information on cleft lip nose
deformity correction you may visit my research work
in research & publication page.
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Hand and forearm surgery :
Acute trauma including fracture of hand bones, other
pathologies and reconstruction by tendon reconstruction
and/ or tendon transfers.
for details of hand surgery
click here
Congenital deformities :-
All over body, mostly head and neck, breast, hand &
foot and genitalia.
Genital surgeries :-
include correction of congenital deformities Male
Genitalia (of penis - like hypospadias, epispadias, abnormal curvature
- for details click on
Penile Surgery )
or vagina (like absence of vagina, post
surgery or post trauma deformities, gender reassignment (
sex change) as well as cosmetic restoration of youthful
genitalia in both male and female.
for details of Male & Female genital surgery
Click Here
Microsurgery:-
used mostly in post trauma or post cancer resection
reconstruction, and penis reconstruction. In this surgical
modality, spare tissue from some other site is transferred
to distant site with restoration of new blood supply at
recipient area.
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Hair Transplant
Surgery :- With the advent of
Follicular unit & Micro-follicular Unit Hair transplant
, field of hair restoration surgery has totally changed.
Once, very costly and unavailable now its the most
common cosmetic surgery being sought by every class of
people . its well within reach of common population,
perhaps the safest cosmetic surgery with invariable good
result. for detailed information please click here
on "Hair Transplant"
Cosmetic (Aesthetic Surgery) :-
perhaps , the most well known modality of plastic surgery
to general population is cosmetic surgery. Used to make
a person more presentable, to look younger, smarter and
more energetic , so ultimately cosmetic surgery is
directed towards increasing your working efficiency.
Liposuction ,
Tummy Tuck, Body Contouring, Abdominoplasty,
Rhinoplasty or Nose job,
Face Lift, Blepharoplasty ( eye lids)
,
Breast Augmentation
surgery
,
Breast Reduction
surgery ,
Male
Breast Reduction Surgery
are common
examples.
many
people think cosmetic surgery always needs use of
artificial material, its a big confusion, cosmetic
surgery is surgery which is intended to improve your
look when function problem is not there, in fact almost
every cosmetic surgery involves improvement of both look
and function.
In fact, a plastic & cosmetic surgeon does every surgery with a good
functional and cosmetic sense, goal is always to produce
functionally competent and aesthetically pleasant result.
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Cosmetic Surgery Delhi,
Cosmetic Surgery India, Plastic Surgery Delhi, Plastic
Surgery India, Aesthetic Surgery Delhi, Aesthetic
Surgery India, Cleft Lip Delhi, Cleft Lip India, Cleft
Nose Delhi, Cleft Nose India, Reconstructive Surgery
Delhi, reconstructive Surgery India
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